Exploring the Strategies of Chinese-English Business Translation

Vigorous world economy and economic globalization have drawn our attention to English for Special Purpose (ESP). Being the bridge of international exchange, English for International Economics and Trade now enjoys increasing popularity on the international stage. Since China plays a more and more important role in the world economy world, there emerges a great opportunity for translation companies in China in the area of business English translation.

However, as a tool for transnational commercial affairs exchanges, business English has been encountering a conflict in translation between the supply of and demand for qualified translated materials. On one hand, translators in all fields have their hands full because of the gradual expansion of international exchange and cooperation as well as more onerous tasks involved in C-E or E-C business translation; on the other hand, by means of some modern media such as e-commerce and Internet to be used in maintaining international business relation, translators are requested to provide commercial information quickly, so they don't have much time to make serious consideration on wording. It is pressing for professional translators in China to understand the way of putting the business English into appropriate Chinese. And it is also of great importance for business English translation in China to catch up with international standard.

Domesticating translation and Foreignizing translation, a pair of concept first used by Lawrence Venuti, an American deconstructionist translation theorist, are two terms applied in translation to describe two different translation strategies. Domestication is a TL-oriented translation method, while foreignzition is a SL-oriented translation method. Why does domesticating translation take the preponderant status in business English translation?

Firstly, the first and most important purpose of business translation is to transfer information. More attention should be paid to the apprehension and acceptability of target readers and consider how translation excises its due functions effectively and reach the purpose of the source text. The form and content of original text should serve the translated text and its communicative function.

Moreover, according to Newmark's classification, business texts are impressive or vocative.

Translation consists in the receptor language reproduction based on the message of the source language in such a way that receptors of receptor language may be able to understand adequately how the original receptors of the source language understand the original message. (Eugene A. Nida) From our point of view, American Linguist Nida's dynamic equivalence is the real target that the translators in business English translation pursue. It stresses that the target language receptors could get the same effect as the source receptors do, which is also its purpose: the Chinese businessmen can understand what their counterparts mean. Therefore, the semantic and stylistic equivalences are highly required.

As to the translators, a conscientious and qualified translator shall possess bilingual competence. Since translation is an art between two languages, a translator should be an artist and a master of Chinese language. That also gives an unavoidable mission to the company. A company who wants to promote its reputation and business should attach more importance to training its translators.

In a word, business English is taking more and more important roles in our economic life, while the E-C translation cannot catch up with the international standard. In this paper, I put forward two means to solve the problem, one is to use the translation strategy of domestication and the other is to train the translators' bilingual competence. Armed with these two weapons, I think translation companies in China can do better in the field of business English translation and go further in the business translation world.

He Yi
Marketing Manager of
Transhorsa Translation Co.,LTD.,Shanghai
http://www.transhorsa.org
Native translation&Proofreading

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Strategies and Styles in Teaching Music

Teaching music is vital for every student's progress for it empowers our creative side. This makes us well-rounded persons. However, it does not gain as much interest from students as other subjects do. Music, for some, is just another part of the curriculum, or an icebreaker from their tedious academic load.

Nonetheless, the music teacher can make this subject more interesting and a lot of fun. This could actually be a venue for students to harness a talent or even discover a pursuit that some have never realized. Thus, the key here is to draw enthusiasm from students towards music.

For instance, the seemingly boring topic on musical theories finds an ally in interactive programs, mostly thru computers. There are online and downloadable activities available wherein students can learn and adopt in more enjoyable and interesting ways, such as in the forms of quizzes, activities or games. At the same breath, teachers will be able to assess their students' learning.

But the fun comes when these theories are put into action! It appears that one of the best ways to attract students' interest in music is by teaching them skills in playing music. The ability to play musical instruments, or even the process of learning them, allows the students to be directly involved in music.

Of course, music teaching styles differ for every educational level. But suffice it to say that it goes from simple to more complex as students advance. This will depend on their interests and priorities at that stage.

Younger children would probably appreciate encompassing music to children's literature. Youngsters learn their first music usually through nursery rhymes. Incorporating movements with music would possibly prick their interests by playing games with musical accompaniments or while singing game songs.

For older students, they may be trained to play more complex musical instruments. They may also be introduced to interactive activities online, since they are more mature to practice responsible access of internet resources.

Older students can also be introduced to more complicated musical concepts. Teachers can impart them via lectures or sample music or songs that relate or exemplify some definite and certain principles. Self-confidence can also be fostered by asking students to partake in musical activities or performances that showcase their talents.

Furthermore, students, both young and old, can be encouraged to make their own musical compositions. It will enable them to have an almost "concrete" grasp on music, both how it works and how they can make it work for them.

A basically new and critical strategy for music teachers is tapping technologies. Technological advances in making music, listening to music, and even sharing music must be exploited by music educators. A wide array of computer software, being mostly interactive, entails students' full attention, and promotes both rational and creative thinking among them.

Resources for music teachers are abundant. They can be found both inside and outside the classrooms, and even in virtual reality. What is crucial is that music teachers actually tap these varied resources, to put color and vibrancy to music teaching... and learning!

Our Music Teacher Website offers a reliable assistance for individuals who want to succeed in the field of Music Teaching [http://www.musicteachershelper.com/music-teaching].

Earl Marsden started developing a passion for music at the early age of twelve. He first learned to play the guitar at thirteen, and from there he pursued the study other instruments including the violin, piano and flute. Currently, he devotes some of his spare time to writing articles about music teaching while managing his own music studio.

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Reach The Top With Effective Internet Marketing Strategies

Business competition is at a different level now with the creation of the Internet. Today, several companies own websites to have a wider reach. The worldwide web functions as a venue for introducing a new product and raising profits. Furthermore, the Internet functions as a virtual office for the many online businesses. Indeed, big and small enterprises, including the known and new players, found a new playing field.

The worldwide web is just like the real world as it cradles many companies. There's an abundance of companies, selling the same products or services, trying to outdo each other. It's definitely difficult for new businesses to penetrate the online world, neither is it easy to remain on top.

The battle to remain at the top in the online world paved the way for Internet marketing. Its objectives are not different from traditional marketing except for the medium and schemes applied. Internet marketing is about introducing a new brand or promoting products and services over the internet. Nowadays, Internet marketing companies provide different services to help enterprises reach their clients and earn.

Internet marketing, just like traditional marketing, can be done in several ways. In fact, even social media sites serve as venues for Internet marketing.

Some Internet marketing strategies just like traditional marketing approaches. A banner advertisement, which is like a print ad, is placed on specific websites. Meanwhile, electronic mail, a more direct marketing approach whose content can be customised depending on the target audience, is like the traditional brochure, flyer, or newsletter companies hand out. It allows businesses to communicate directly and instantaneously with their clients.

One of the most effective Internet marketing strategies is search engine optimization (SEO). SEO strategies bring companies closer to their target client by guaranteeing that they land on the first page of search engines like Google, Yahoo and Bing. One of the approaches employed by SEO companies is making unique and new articles for search engines spiders to crawl. Fresh, important content doesn't only let a website rank high, but also earns the respect and trust of customers. Remember, consumers value useful information.

Reaching target clients and increasing sales requires Online marketing strategies like SEO. With the aid of internet marketing companies, a company need not stay stuck at the bottom.

If you are looking for the best SEO Singapore company, Magic Webs can provide the amazing SEO Services you deserve.. This article, Reach The Top With Effective Internet Marketing Strategies is available for free reprint.

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Why Your New Online Business Needs Internet Marketing Strategies

Is your online business not getting revenues since its launch? You identified your target client, you have a great business plan but you're not generating enough visitors and getting sales. Then, it's about time for you to turn to internet marketing!

It's no secret that the internet community is filled with countless businesses offering different products and services, some of which are the same as what you're providing. The abundance of online companies, not to mention some of them being seasoned players in the industry, makes it hard for starters like you to penetrate the online world.

For new business to be recognized and increase their earnings, internet marketing is needed. Internet marketing is crucial in the success of a new online company. It helps websites generate traffic to step-up their profits.

Promoting your website can be done through paid and free advertisement. Pay-per-click click is an example of paid advertising which can be pricey. Meanwhile, free advertisement involves landing on the first page of search engine results with the aid of an internet marketing strategy called search engine optimisation (SEO). Of course, you'd need the service of SEO experts to achieve this which means you spending, but this internet marketing strategy poses long-term gains for your business. SEO aims to give your website a high rank in search engine results by giving you new and unique content and fixing your site to meet the criteria of search engines.

Constantly writing and posting fresh articles are important elements of SEO These articles are not solely to make you rank high in search engine results. The articles bring you closer to your clients. They are ways for you to communicate with your clients and gain their trust.

Getting the top spot on search engine results spells out free advertisement for your internet site! Moreover, this leads quality visitors to your site - visitors who would most likely avail the merchandise or service you provide and increase your sales. Indeed, Internet marketing, especially SEO, is an important ingredient for your new business to to succeed.

If you are looking for the best SEO Singapore company, Magic Webs can provide the amazing SEO Services you deserve.. This article, Why Your New Online Business Needs Internet Marketing Strategies has free reprint rights.

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5 Quietly Powerful Strategies To ‘Press Play’ On Your Dream Life

Do you ever get so caught up in the rush of your crazy-busy-life that you forget to stop and reflect a little? Wait, don’t answer that - I’m going to go ahead and assume yes. I mean let’s be honest here – when was the last time you actively pursued an activity that was:

• closely related to one of your big dreams,
• made you feel most alive or most yourself, or
• just plain old wasn’t part of your busy-list?

If you couldn’t think of the answer to at least one of those right away, it was probably longer than it should be. Assuming, of course, that it is important to you to pursue your dream life. Sometime this decade.

How Often Do You Stop To Sharpen The Saw?
Steven Covey, famed for his teaching on productivity and life-management, talks about taking time out for something he calls sharpening the saw. The saw being you, your skills and talents, and most certainly your goals and dreams. Of course the benefits to such time out from daily life are obvious, but that doesn’t make it any easier to stop and ‘indulge’ in such a past-time, does it?

And when we get to the crux of it, I think that’s the real problem; the concept that taking time out to rebuild or develop our talents and skills – let alone our mind – is an indulgence or something that we’ll make time for once everything else is done.

Well here’s the kicker, and I think it’s important that you know this. You are going to DIE without everything being done. It’s time to get over trying to complete that ever-increasing list of yours and start being more effective with the limited time you to have.

Pressing Play On Your Dream Life
This morning I took some time out to do just that. I managed to tear myself away from my normally frantic ‘never-quite-can-keep-up’ writing schedule to ‘sharpen the saw’, by completing some values, mission and goal exercises in my new planner. Can I just say – I feel amazing for having done this. Calm , in control, and empowered to take on my dream life. And I would very much like to pass some of this positivity on to you! So without further ado, here are 5 quietly powerful strategies you can use to lay the foundation of your dream life and finally ‘press play’ on those big goals.

Step One: Values
Values are the innate guiding principles that you would ideally like to live by. When your life is not in alignment with your values you may feel restless, discontent, guilty, and frustrated. If you’ve never done this before (or not for a long while) I urge you to take some time to consider what your deep inner values are. Why not pull out a nice journal or just start a new file – label it ‘My Dream Life’!

To give you some examples, my values include health, creativity, family, spirituality, courage, gratitude, patience, abundance, and business. Covey suggests attaching a few clarifying statements to each value, i.e. “I take time to reflect daily and be grateful for the things in my life”

Step Two: Roles
Once you’ve determined your values it’s worth taking a few minutes to consider all the different hats you wear in your life. There’s probably at least 4 or 5 key roles that you’re trying to fulfill, and I’ll bet you have goals associated with each of them.

If you don’t take some time to break this stuff down you will likely find yourself moving sideways from one thing to the next and basically ending up going round in circles, rather than truly progressing forward! My roles included writer, wife/mother, athlete, coach, and ‘sharpen the saw’. That’s right – a whole separate role just for the development side of my life! Add some clarifying statements to each of your roles as well; this will help you when it comes time to set goals.

Step Three: The "Be, Do, Have" Exercise
One of my favorite exercises, and one I’ve come back to time and again over the years, is Covey’s ‘be, do and have’ exercise. It’s where you get to really dream about how your life will be when you do start pressing play every day! It’s very simple – all you need to do is fill a half page or so with things you’d like to one day be, another half page with things you’d like to do, and then another with things you’d like to have. For an example, I’d like to be a published author (in a bookstore!), I’d like to have at least 2 more children, and I’d like to spend 3 months out of each year living overseas at some point throughout our lives (do).

Step Four: Reflect
After completing the above exercise you’ll be raring at the bit to start coming up with some exciting goals and strategies to help you achieve all that good stuff. I know I was! Well – don’t do it! At least, not yet. The reality is that it’s in your nature to always want more, and (if you let it) your mind will continue to come up with endless possibilities for your life. This is definitely a good thing, but it can also make life messy and overwhelming as you jump from task to task. Taking time to reflect on what really drives you will give you focus and a sense of calm as you plan your big goals for the months ahead.

Here are some questions I like to ask myself when reflecting:

• What am I truly passionate about?
• What gives me a sense of ‘flow’?
• What are some moments when everything has just seemed right?
• What makes me feel happy; joyful; more alive?
• What has the opposite effect?
  

Step Five: Goal-setting time!
This is my favorite part of the journey – it’s where you get to visualize and then plan the specifics of your dream life. The who, what, when, where, why and how! I love this part because I find words to be incredibly powerful – just writing something down can help you to picture it actually happening, and then when you break it down into small steps all of a sudden something big and scary becomes not only tangible but also achievable. So – setting smart goals is really easy now that you’ve done all the groundwork.

Take a moment to refer back to your values and your roles, and then simply set goals for each value/role! It’s useful to decide on a due date for your goal, and then break it down into small steps. Make them bite sized! For example, if one of my goals is to have a column in a health and fitness magazine, my steps would include brainstorming post ideas, writing drafts, asking for feedback, brainstorming title ideas, researching editor/contact details, and finally submitting an article!

What Next?
Of course you could keep going even beyond these 5 steps. Covey talks about using this stuff as a base to create a mission for your life, but even if you don’t do that you will notice a tremendous sense of empowerment simply by taking time out for yourself. Another next step you could take (and one that is next on my agenda) is to use your goals as a base to planning out your year, month, week and then even your days. Sure, it will take you an extra half hour or so each week, but really – in the midst of that crazy-busy-life of yours could there be any greater feeling than knowing that each busy little moment is one that truly counts toward your dream life? Who knows – you may actually become one of those people who does press play every day!

What else do you do to press play on your life and dreams? I’d love to hear your strategies and tips for making sense in a busy world … and I’d also love to hear from you if you do take time out to follow this 5-point plan!

Written on 5/29/2011 by Kat Eden. Kat blogs about health, fat loss and motivation over at Body Incredible , and about nutrition, exercise and lifestyle for driven women at Woman Incredible. Kat’s motto is ‘Life is Now. Press Play’.

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9 Useful Strategies to Dealing with Difficult People at Work

Ever encountered someone who frustrates you so much that you feel like you want to pull your hair, jump around the room and just scream out loud? You're not alone.

Over the years, I've encountered my fair share of difficult people. People who don't turn their work in as promised, people who don't show up for meetings, people who stick vehemently to their views and refuse to collaborate, people who push back on work that they're responsible for - and more. Even as I run my own business, I work on collaboration projects and there are times where there are difficulties in getting a consensus because everyone is so firm in their views.

Years ago, I used to get bothered and worked up over such situations. I'd think, "Why are these people being so difficult?", "These people are so irresponsible!", "Just my luck to work with them" or "I don't ever want to work with these people again!".

After a while, I learned that these people are everywhere. No matter where you go, you can never hide from them. Sure, it might be possible to avoid the 1st one or two difficult people, but how about the 3rd, 5th, 10th person you encounter? Hiding isn't a permanent solution. What's more, in the context of work, it's usually difficult to avoid or hide from someone, unless you quit from a job totally. Well - I don't know about you, but it doesn't seem feasible to quit every time someone has an opposing view or is being difficult.

So rather than turn to some drastic decisions each time, why not equip yourself with the skills to deal with them?

Here's 9 tips which I've found to work in dealing with such people:

1. Be calm.
   Losing your temper and flaring out at the other person typically isn't the best way to get him/her to collaborate with you. Unless you know that anger will trigger the person into action and you are consciously using it as a strategy to move him/her, it is better to assume a calm persona.
   
   Someone who is calm is seen as being in control, centered and more respectable. Would you prefer to work with someone who is predominantly calm or someone who is always on edge? When the person you are dealing with sees that you are calm despite whatever he/she is doing, you will start getting their attention.


2. Understand the person's intentions.
   I'd like to believe that no one is difficult for the sake of being difficult. Even when it may seem that the person is just out to get you, there is always some underlying reason that is motivating them to act this way. Rarely is this motivation apparent. Try to identify the person's trigger: What is making him/her act in this manner? What is stopping him/her from cooperating with you? How can you help to meet his/her needs and resolve the situation?


3. Get some perspective from others.
   In all likelihood, your colleagues, managers and friends must have experienced similar situations in some way or another. They will be able to see things from a different angle and offer a different take on the situation. Seek them out, share your story and listen to what they have to say. You might very well find some golden advice in amidst of the conversation.


4. Let the person know where you are coming from.
   One thing that has worked for me is to let the person know my intentions behind what I am doing. Sometimes, they are being resistant because they think that you are just being difficult with them. Letting them in on the reason behind your actions and the full background of what is happening will enable them to empathize with your situation. This lets them get them on-board much easier.


5. Build a rapport.
   With all the computers, emails and messaging systems, work sometimes turn into a mechanical process. Re-instill the human touch by connecting with your colleagues on a personal level. Go out with them for lunches or dinners. Get to know them as people, and not colleagues. Learn more about their hobbies, their family, their lives. Foster strong connections. These will go a long way in your work.


6. Treat the person with respect.
   No one likes to be treated as if he/she is stupid/incapable/incompetent. If you are going to treat the person with disrespect, it's not going to be surprising if he/she treats you the same way as well. As the golden rule says, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."


7. Focus on what can be actioned upon.
   Sometimes, you may be put into hot soup by your difficult colleagues, such as not receiving a piece of work they promised to give or being wrongly held responsible for something you didn't do. Whatever it is, acknowledge that the situation has already occurred. Rather than harp on what you cannot change, focus on the actionable steps you can take to forward yourself in the situation.


8. Ignore.
   If you have already tried everything above and the person is still not being receptive, the best way might be to just ignore. After all, you have already done all that you can within your means. Get on your daily tasks and interface with the person only where needed. Of course, this isn't feasible in cases where the person plays a critical role in your work - which leads us to our last tip.


9. Escalate to a higher authority for resolution.
   When all else fails, escalate to your manager. This is considered the trump card and shouldn't be used unless you've completely exhausted your means. Sometimes, the only way to get someone moving is through the top-down approach, especially in bureaucratic organizations. Be careful not to exercise this option all the time as you wouldn't want your manager to think that you are incapable of handling your own problems. I have done this several times in my previous job and I found it to be the most effective in moving people who just refuse to cooperate otherwise.

Try out these 9 tips for the difficult people you face at your workplace and see how they work out for you :)

Written by Celestine Chua. Celestine chose her passion over everything else when she left her high paying Fortune 100 career in 2008. Today, she enables thousands to achieve their goals and dreams through her popular personal development blog CelestineChua.com and her coaching.

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